The lack of organizational learning in slum upgrading success: the case of the Kenya Informal Settlement Improvement Programme 2011–2020

Not all the challenges of informal settlement upgrading programmes can be anticipated from start. It calls for cumulative learning within programme’s timeline. This paper investigates role organizational in influencing programme outcomes. The analysis Kenya Informal Settlement Improvement Programme (KISIP) shows that a lack routines lead to reduced success, and improve Well-conceptualized processes include participation, coordination, communication synthesis information are essential, though insufficient alone. Additional barriers, including sudden increase number diversity actors projects, their deteriorating commitment, inequitable incentives inadequate tools support learning, further exacerbate absence established routines. There is need explicit transparent procedures across levels order overall success.